(Finland) in 1964 is accepted

(Finland) in 1964 is accepted by 18th World medical assembly in Helsinki and (Japan) in 1975 is reconsidered by 29th World medical assembly in Tokyo order ultram 200mg

Mission of the doctor consists in people health protection. Its knowledge and experience is devoted to performance of this mission.

Improvement of diagnostic, therapeutic both preventive procedures and finding-out of an aetiology and pathogenesis of diseases should be the purpose of biomedical researches in public.

In the field of clinical researches the basic difference should be made between the medical researches which purpose is specification of the diagnosis or treatment of the patient, and the researches referred on finding-out of purely scientific questions without direct diagnostic or medical advantage for the person, subjected to research.

The world medical assembly has prepared following references for the doctor at carrying out of clinical researches.

Main principles 1. Biomedical researches in public should be spent according to the standard scientific principles and be based on adequate laboratory researches, experiments on animals and knowledge of the corresponding scientific literature.

2. The program and performance of each experimental research on the person should be accurately formulated in the experimental report which is represented to independent committee for treating, entering of remarks and offers.

3. Biomedical researches in public should be spent only by the qualified experts under observation of the competent doctor. Responsibility for health of the person is carried by the doctor, instead of investigated even if it has given on this consent.

4. Biomedical researches on the person cannot be spent, if the prospective advantage does not exceed possible risk.

5. Exact definition of degree of risk and potential advantage should precede each planned clinical research. Interests of the investigated should be above interests of a science and a society. vpxl 200mg

6. It is necessary to take measures for respect of the person of the examinee and reduction of influence of test on its physical and mental faculties.

7. Doctors should abstain from carrying out of researches in public, will not be convinced yet that possible harm is predicted. Any research is necessary for stopping, if harm from it outweighs potential advantage.

8. At the publication of the received results the doctor should observe their accuracy. Reports on the experiments spent without observance of principles, stated in the declaration, should not be accepted for the publication.

9. The participant of clinical researches should be informed on the purposes and methods of the research, expected advantage, possible harm, and also about all inconveniences bound to research. The right of refusal of participation in research or an exit from it at any moment should be given it. The doctor should receive preliminary from investigated the voluntary consent (in written form).

10. At reception of the written approval to participation in research the doctor should pay special attention that the examinee can be in a state of dependence. In this case the consent should be received other doctor who is not bound to research.

11. At physical or mental impossibility to give the written approval or if investigated is the minor, the permission can be received from relatives according to the national legislation.

12. In the research report the section with its ethical substantiation and a mark that it is made according to principles of this declaration should contain always.


The medical researches bound to the professional help

1. The doctor should have freedom in application of new diagnostic or medical measures if, in its opinion, they give hope of life salvage, recovery of health or simplification of suffering.

2. Probable advantage, harm and inconveniences of a new method should be estimated in comparison with advantages of best of existing diagnostic and medical methods.

3. In any medical research to each patient, including patients of control group if that is available, application of the best checked up methods of diagnostics and treatment should be guaranteed.

4. Refusal of the patient of participation in research should not break mutual relation of the doctor with the patient.

5. If the doctor considers, that it is not necessary to receive the written approval of the patient, the special reasons on that should be written down in the report and are submitted to treating to independent committee.

6. The doctor can combine medical researches with the professional help for reception of new medical knowledge in that degree to what these medical researches represent diagnostic or medical value for the patient.

Not medical biomedical researches

1. At purely scientific clinical researches spent in public, a duty of the doctor is protection of a life and health of the person - object of clinical research.

2. The examinee should be the volunteer.

3. The researcher should stop experiment if, in its opinion, at research continuation harm to the examinee can be done.

4. In researches on the person interests of a science and a society never should be put above health of the examinee.